الأفعال الشاذة الإنجليزية

تحتوي اللغة الإنجليزية على عشرات الأفعال الشاذة التي تحتاج فقط إلى تذكرها. ومع ذلك ، هناك روابط معينة بينهما يمكن استخدامها في التعلم.

يمكن أيضًا العثور على الأفعال الشاذة بلغات أخرى ، مثل الألمانية والإسبانية وغيرها. ومع ذلك ، لن نركز على هذا هنا.

الأفعال الإنجليزية الشاذة - استخدامها

كل فعل (منتظم أو غير منتظم) له ثلاثة أشكال أساسية. هم انهم:

صيغة المصدر
فعل ماضي
الماضي التام

في حالة الأفعال الإنجليزية الشائعة ، يكفي إضافة اللاحقة "-ed" إلى الفعل في جميع الأزمنة الماضية. إنه نفس الشيء في الزمن الماضي وفي الماضي.

من ناحية أخرى ، إذا نظرنا إلى أفعال إنجليزية غير منتظمة ، فإن النهايات تتشكل بشكل مختلف. لذلك من الضروري حفظها.

متطابقة لكنها مختلفة

بعض "الأفعال ا الأفعال الشاذة في اللغة الإنجليزية يغة التهجئة في صيغة المصدر والصيغتين الماضيتين. على سبيل المثال ، الف عل الشاذ READ / READ / READ . جميع أشكال هذا الفعل الثلاثة هي نفسها. لكن احذر ، فإن نطق هذا الفعل في صيغة المصدر يختلف عن نطق الماضي والماضي النعت: [ri: d] / [red] / [red] .

صيغة المصدر	فعل ماضي	الماضي التام
abide	abided / abode *	abided / abidden *
alight	alighted / alit	alighted / alit
arise	arose	arisen
awake	awoke / awaked *	awoken / awaked *
be / am / is /are	was/were	been
bear	bore / bare *	borne / born
beat	beat	beaten / beat
become	became	become
begin	began	begun
behold	beheld	beheld / beholden *
bend	bent / bended *	bent / bended *
bet	bet / betted	bet / betted
bid	bade / bid	bid
bind	bound	bound / bounden *
bite	bit	bitten / bit *
bleed	bled	bled
blow	blew	blown
break	broke / brake *	broken / broke *
breed	bred	bred
bring	brought / brang * / brung *	brought / brung / broughten
broadcast	broadcast	broadcast
build	built	built
burn	burned / burnt	burned / burnt
burst	burst / brast *	burst / bursten *
buy	bought	bought / boughten *
cast	cast	cast
catch	caught / catched *	caught / catched *
cling	clung / clang *	clung
clothe	clothed / clad	clothed / clad
come	came	come / comen *
cost	cost / costed	cost / costed
creep	crept / creeped / crope *	crept / creeped / cropen *
cut	cut	cut
deal	dealt	dealt
dig	dug / digged *	dug / digged *
dive	dived / dove	dived / dove
do / does	did	done
draw	drew	drawn
dream	dreamed / dreamt / drempt *	dreamed / dreamt / drempt *
drink	drank / drunk * / drinked *	drank / drunk * / drinked * / drunken *
drive	drove / drave *	driven
dwell	dwelled / dwelt	dwelled / dwelt
eat	ate	eaten
fall	fell / felled *	fallen / felled *
feed	fed	fed
feel	felt	felt
fight	fought	fought / foughten *
find	found / fand *	found / founden *
fit	fitted / fit	fitted / fit
flee	fled	fled
fling	flung / flang *	flung
fly	flew	flown
forbid	forbade / forbad / forbade	forbidden
forecast	forecast	forecast
foresee	foresaw	foreseen
foretell	foretold / foretelled *	foretold / foretelled *
forget	forgot / forgat *	forgotten / forgot*
forgive	forgave	forgiven
forsake	forsook	forsaken
freeze	froze	frozen
get	got / gat *	got / gotten
give	gave	given
go	went	gone
grind	ground / grinded	ground / grinded / grounden *
grow	grew / growed *	grew / growed *
hang	hung / hanged	hung / hanged
have / has	had	had
hear	heard	heard
hide	hid	hidden / hid *
hit	hit	hit
hold	held	held / holden *
hurt	hurt	hurt
choose	chose	chosen
inlay	inlaid / inlayed *	inlaid / inlayed *
input	input	input / inputten
keep	kept	kept
kneel	kneeled / knelt	kneeled / knelt
knit	knitted / knit	knitted / knit
know	knew	known / knowen *
lay	laid /layed *	laid /layed *
lead	led	led
lean	leaned / leant	leaned / leant
leap	leaped / leapt / lept / lope	leaped / leapt / lopen *
learn	learned / learnt	learned / learnt
leave	left	left / laft *
lend	lent	lent
let	let / leet *	let / letten *
lie	lay	lain / lien *
light	lighted / lit	lighted / lit
lose	lost	lost
make	made	made
mean	meant	meant
meet	met	met
mislead	misled	misled
mistake	mistook / mistaked *	mistaken
misunderstand	misunderstood	misunderstood / misunderstanden **
overdraw	overdrew	overdrawn
overhear	overheard	overheard
overtake	overtook / overtaked *	overtaken
pay	paid / payed *	paid / payed *
prove	proved	proved / proven
put	put	put / putten *
quit	quit / quitted	quit / quitted
read	read	read / readen *
reprove	reproved	reproved / reproven
rid	ridded / rid	ridded / rid
ride	rode / rid *	ridden / rid *
ring	rang / rung *	rung
rise	rose	risen
run	ran	run
say	said	said
see	saw	seen
seek	sought	sought
sell	sold	sold
send	sent	sent
set	set	set / setten *
sew	sewed	sewn / sewed / sewen *
shake	shook / shaked *	shaken / shaked / shook
shear	sheared / shore	sheared / shorn
shed	shed	shed
shine	shone / shined	shone / shined
shoe	shoed / shod	shodden / shoed / shod
shoot	shot	shot / shotten *
show	showed / shew *	shown / showed / shewed *
shrink	shrank / shrunk	shrunk / shrunken
shut	shut	shut
sing	sang / sung *	sung / sungen *
sink	sank / sunk	sunk / sunken
sit	sat / sate *	sat / sitten *
slay	slew / slayed	slain / slayed
sleep	slept	slept
slide	slid	slid / slidden *
sling	slung / slang *	slung
slink	slunk / slinked / slank	slunk / slinked / slank
slit	slit	slit / slitten
smell	smelled / smelt	smelled / smelt
sneak	sneaked / snuck	sneaked / snuck / snucked *
sow	sowed / sew *	sowed / sown
speak	spoke / spake *	spoken / spoke *
speed	speedded / speed	speedded / speed
spell	spelled / spelt	spelled / spelt
spend	spent	spent
spill	spilled / spilt	spilled / spilt
spin	spun / span *	spun
spit	spit / spat	spit / spat
split	split	split
spoil	spoiled / spoilt	spoiled / spoilt
spread	spread / spreaded *	spread / spreaded *
spring	sprang / sprung	sprung / sprang
stand	stood	stood / standen *
steal	stole	stolen
stick	stuck / sticked *	stuck / sticked *
sting	stung / stang *	stung
stink	stank / stunk *	stunk
stride	strode / strided *	stridden / strode / strid / stridded *
strike	struck	struck / stricken
strip	stripped / stript	stripped / stript
strive	strove / strived	striven / strived
swear	swore	sworn
sweat	sweated / sweat	sweated / sweat
sweep	swept / sweeped *	swept / sweeped *
swell	swelled / swole * / swelt *	swelled / swollen
swim	swam / swum *	swum
swing	swung / swang	swung / swungen *
take	took / taked *	taken
teach	taught / teached *	taught / teached *
tear	tore	torn
tell	told / talled *	told / talled *
think	thought / thinked *	thought / thinked *
thrive	thrived / throve / thrave *	thrived / throve
throw	threw / throwed *	threw / throwed *
thrust	thrust / thrusted *	thrust / thrusted *
tread	trod / tread * / treaded * / trodden *	trodden / trod / tread * / treaded *
undergo	underwent	undergone
understand	understood	understood / understanden *
undertake	undertook / undertaked *	undertaken
upset	upset	upset / upsetten *
vex	vexed / vext *	vexed / vext *
wake	woke / waked *	woken / waked *
wear	wore / weared	worn / weared
weave	wove	woven
wed	wedded / wed	wedded / wed
weep	wept / weeped	wept / weeped
win	won	won
wind	wound	wound
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn
withhold	withheld	withheld / withholden *
withstand	withstood	withstood / withstanden *
wring	wrang / wrung / wringed *	wrung / wringed *
write	wrote / writ *	written / writ *
befall	befell / befelled *	befallen / befelled *
beget	begot / begat *	begot / begotten
beseech	beseeched / besought *	beseeched / besought *
beset	beset	beset / besetten *
bid	bade	bid
bless	blessed / blest *	blessed / blest *
bust	busted / bust *	busted / bust *
can	could	xxx
clap	clapped / clapt *	clapped / clapt *
cleave	cleaved / cleft / clove / clave *	cleaved / cleft / clove
crow	crowed / crew	crowed / crown *
heave	heaved / hove *	heaved / hove * / hoven *
hew	hewed / hew *	hewed / hewn
mow	mowed	mowed / mown
overcome	overcame	overcome / overcomen *
overthrow	overthrew / overthrowed *	overthrew / overthrowed *
partake	partook / partaked *	partaken
plead	pleaded / pled	pleaded / pled
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt
retell	retold / retelled *	retold / retelled *
shred	shredded / shred	shredded / shred
strew	strewed	strewed / strewn
sublet	sublet / subleet *	sublet / subletten *
uphold	upheld	upheld / upholden *
bequeath	bequeathed / bequethed / bequoth / bequod	bequeathed / bequethed / bequoth / bequod
betake	betook / betaked *	betaken
chide	chided / chid / chode *	chided / chid / chidden
forbear	forbore / forbare *	forborne / forborn *
gird	girded / girt *	girded / girt *
interweave	interwove	interwoven
misspend	misspent	misspent
offset	offset	offset / offsetten *
outwear	outweared / outwore	outweared / outworn
overdo / overdoes	overdid	overdone
overeat	overate / overet *	overeaten
oversee	oversaw	overseen
oversleep	overslept	overslept
overwrite	overwrote / overwrit	overwritten / overwrit
rend	rent	rent
repay	repaid / repayed *	repaid / repayed *
rewrite	rewrote / rewrit	rewritten / rewrit
underpay	underpaid / underpayed *	underpaid / underpayed *
underwrite	underwrote / underwrit	underwrote / underwrit
undo / undoes	undid	undone
unwind	unwound	unwound
writhe	writhed / wrothe *	writhed / writhen *
overbear	overbore / overbare *	overborne / overborn
browbeat	browbeat	browbeaten / browbeat
unbend	unbent / unbended *	unbent / unbended *
outbid	outbid	outbid
overbid	overbid	overbid
underbid	underbid	underbid
unbind	unbound	unbound / unbounden *
interbreed	interbred	interbred
overbuild	overbuilt	overbuilt
recast	recast	recast
unclothe	unclad / unclothed	unclad / unclothed
crosscut	crosscut	crosscut
undercut	undercut	undercut
misdeal	misdealt	misdealt
misdo / misdoes	misdid	misdone
outdo / outdoes	outdid	outdone
redo / redoes	redid	redone
redraw	redrew	redrawn
test-drive	test-drove / test-drave *	test-driven
fret	fretted / frate	fretted / fretten
bottle-feed	bottle-fed	bottle-fed
force-feed	force-feed	force-feed
hand-feed	hand-feed	hand-feed
overfeed	overfeed	overfeed
self-feed	self-feed	self-feed
spoon-feed	spoon-feed	spoon-feed
underfeed	underfeed	underfeed
overfly	overflew	overflown
test-fly	test-flew	test-flown
quick-freeze	quick-froze	quick-frozen
unfreeze	unfroze	unfrozen
undergird	undergirded / undergirt *	undergirded / undergirt *
glide	glided / glid / glode *	glided / glid / glidden *
forego	forewent	foregone
forgo	forwent	forgone
outgrow	outgrew / outgrowed *	outgrew / outgrowed *
overgrow	overgrew / overgrowed *	overgrew / overgrowed *
mishear	misheard	misheard
upheave	upheaved / uphove *	upheaved / uphove * / uphoven *
help	helped / holp *	helped / holpen *
hoist	hoisted/hoist	hoisted/hoist
hand-knit	hand-knit / hand-knitted	hand-knit / hand-knitted
foreknow	foreknew	foreknown / foreknowen *
lade	laded	laden / laded
laugh	laughed / laught * / laugh'd * / low *	laughed / laught / laugh'd / laughen *
belay	belaid / belayed *	belaid / belayed *
mislay	mislaid / mislayed *	mislaid / mislayed *
re-lay	re-laid / re-layed *	re-laid / re-layed *
waylay	waylaid / waylayed *	waylaid / waylayed *
overleap	overleaped / overleapt / overlept * / overlope *	overleaped / overleapt / overlopen *
relearn	relearned / relearnt	relearned / relearnt
unlearn	unlearned / unlearnt	unlearned / unlearnt
overlie	overlay	overlain / overlien *
underlie	underlay	underlain / underlien *
green-light	green-lighted / green-lit	green-lighted / green-lit
relight	relighted / relit	relighted / relit
unmake	unmade	unmade
melt	melted / molt *	melted / molten
mix	mixed / mixt *	mixed / mixt *
must	xxx	xxx
overpay	overpaid / overpayed *	overpaid / overpayed *
prepay	prepaid / prepayed *	prepaid / prepayed *
queath / quethe	queathed / quethed / quoth / quod	queathed / quethed / quoth / quethen
reach	reached / raught * / rought / retcht *	reached / raught * / rought / retcht *
misread	misread	misread / misreaden *
reread	reread	reread / rereaden *
sight-read	sight-read	sight-read / sight-readen *
reave **	reaved/reft	reaved/reft
outride	outrode / outrid *	outridden / outrid *
override	overrode / overrid *	overridden / overrid *
uprise	uprose	uprisen
rive	rived / rove	rived / riven
outrun	outran	outrun
overrun	overran	overrun
seethe	seethed / sod *	seethed / sodden *
outsell	outsold	outsold
resell	resold	resold
undersell	undersold	undersold
resend	resent	resent
inset	inset	inset / insetten
reset	reset	reset / resetten *
misshape	misshaped / misshope *	misshaped / misshapen *
outshine	outshone / outshined	outshone / outshined
shit	shit / shitted / shat	shit / shitted / shat / shitten *
overshoot	overshot	overshot / overshotten *
undershoot	undershot	undershot / undershotten *
foreshow	foreshowed / foreshew *	foreshown / foreshowed / foreshewed *
backslide	backslid	backslid / backslidden *
slip	slipped / slipt *	slipped / slipt *
smite	smote / smit *	smitten / smitted
bespeak	bespoke / bespake *	bespoken / bespoke *
overspend	overspent	overspent
overspread	overspread	overspread
stay	stayed / staid *	stayed / staid *
bestrew	bestrewed	bestrewn / bestrewed
bestride	bestrode / bestrided *	bestridden / bestrode * / bestrid * / bestridded *
hamstring	hamstrung / hamstringed *	hamstrung / hamstringed *
forswear	forswore	forsworn
retread	retrod / retread * / retreaded * / retrodden *	retrodden / retrod / retread * / retreaded *
wax	waxed / wex *	waxed / waxen *
wend	wended / went *	wended / went *
work	worked / wrought *	worked / wrought *
wreak	wreaked / wrought * / wrack * / wroke *	wreaked / wrought * / wreaken * / wroken *
ache / ake *	ached / oke *	ached / aken *
bake	baked / book *	baked / baken *
beware	xxx	xxx
blend	blended / blent *	blended / blent *
climb	climbed / clomb *	climbed / clumb *
comb	combed	combed / kempt
dare	dared / durst *	dared
ding	dinged / dang *	dinged / dung *
drag	dragged / drug *	dragged / drug *
dress	dressed / drest *	dressed / drest *
earn	earned / earnt *	earned / earnt *